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Phentermine is a prescription medication used to aid weight loss in individuals who are obese or have weight-related medical conditions. It is classified as a sympathomimetic amine, commonly referred to as an appetite suppressant. Phentermine works by affecting the central nervous system, reducing hunger, and promoting a feeling of fullness. It is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive weight management plan that includes a low-calorie diet, exercise, and behavioral changes.
Approved Uses and Dosage
Phentermine is approved for short-term use, generally a few weeks, to help manage obesity. It is most effective for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher or those with a BMI of 27 or higher who have weight-related health conditions like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, or high cholesterol. The typical adult dosage is 15 to 37.5 mg once daily, taken either before breakfast or 1-2 hours after breakfast. It is essential to follow the prescribing doctor's instructions, as exceeding the recommended dosage can lead to severe side effects or dependency.
Precautions and Potential Risks
Phentermine is not suitable for everyone and must be used under close medical supervision. People with a history of heart disease, uncontrolled high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, or a history of drug abuse should avoid using phentermine. It is also not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it may harm the baby. Using phentermine for longer than prescribed or in higher doses increases the risk of dependency, as it is chemically similar to amphetamines. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are important to monitor progress and minimize risks.
Side Effects and Interactions
Common side effects of phentermine include dry mouth, insomnia, increased heart rate, restlessness, and constipation. In some cases, more severe side effects such as high blood pressure, chest pain, shortness of breath, or mood changes may occur, requiring immediate medical attention. Phentermine can interact with other medications, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), certain antidepressants, and medications used to treat high blood pressure. Combining phentermine with other weight-loss drugs or stimulants is also not recommended due to the increased risk of dangerous side effects.
Storage, Overdose, and Alternatives
Phentermine should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture, and kept out of reach of children. Signs of overdose include severe restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, panic, rapid breathing, or irregular heartbeat, and require immediate medical attention. For individuals unable to use phentermine, alternatives include other prescription medications such as orlistat (Alli, Xenical) or semaglutide (Wegovy), as well as non-medication options like supervised diet programs and lifestyle modifications. Combining healthy eating habits with consistent physical activity remains the cornerstone of effective and sustainable weight management.